The Morality of Abortion an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

The Morality of Abortion I. Introduction Bioethics is a recently coined word. It comes from bio which means life and from ethics which is morality. Bioethics is that branch of Ethics which deals directly with the problems of life and dying, of health and of healing. It focuses attention to the need for a healthier world in accordance with the dictates of reason. Life is precious. It is our main concern and duty. Health is our personal responsibility. This requires that we adopt a style of life that fosters health. We owe it to our family and society to be healthy. The cost of health care is becoming expensive everyday. It is a crime of gross injustice when, because of our reckless habits, we force our family to suffer financial losses and indebtedness. Need essay sample on "The Morality of Abortion" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed But do we really care about the life which God has bestowed in us? Yes, certainly we do but there are some women choose to abort the life that is in them for some irrefutable reasons. Many agree to abortion depends to the circumstances but how about the women who just do not want to have kids? Is it reasonable that they just abort the life because they want to avoid responsibilities? Absolutely, not! The intent of this paper is to investigate the womens right to abortion and how do our society views this issue. II. Background Interruption of pregnancy or expulsion of the product of conception before the fetus is viable is called abortion. The fetus is generally considered to be viable any time after the fifth to sixth month of gestation. The term premature labor is sued when a woman experiences labor after this point in the pregnancy. Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to live outside the uterus. In other words, it is the intentional expulsion of a fetus which cannot survive by itself outside of the womb of the mother. In complete abortion the tissues surrounding the embryo or fetus are also expelled. Abortion can occur in a pregnant woman between the time the fertilized egg attaches itself to the wall of the uterus and the time the fetus is 28 weeks old. (After the fetus is 28 weeks old, it may survive outside the uterus). A naturally occurring abortion is called a spontaneous abortion, or commonly, a miscarriage. It usually occurs because the uterus has rejected an abnormal embryo or fetus. Sometimes spontaneous abortion is the result of an injury or disease in the mother. An induced abortion is one that is deliberately performed to terminate a pregnancy. It is called a therapeutic abortion when the life or health of the mother would be endangered if the pregnancy were to continue. For most of the 20th century, abortion was illegal in the United States. In the 1960s, some states began to allow abortions to be performed under various circumstances. In 1973 the U.S. Supreme Court held in Roe v. Wade that the right of privacy covered a womans right to end an unwanted pregnancy in the early stages. This decision caused a controversy over the rights to the mother versus to those of the unborn child. Groups identifying themselves as pro-choice defended a womans right to have an abortion. Anti-abortion, or pro-life, groups stated that human life began at the moment of conception and that abortion was thus the taking of a human life. In 1989 the Supreme Court again considered the abortion issue and, while upholding Roe v. Wade, allowed states to impose restrictions on how, when, and where abortions can be performed (see Head, Jeanne E. Does Abortion Access Protect Women's Health? Volume: 19. Issue: 6. June 2004. Many countries have abortion laws similar to those of the United States, and some consider abortion to be a birth control measure. Other countries allow the therapeutic abortions but limit other induced abortions to pregnancies resulting from rape. In some countries, abortion is completely illegal. III. Background Abortion is a highly publicized issue about which many people feel very strongly. Debate continues, pitting the principle of sanctity of life against the principle of autonomy and the womans right to control her own body. This is an especially volatile issue because no public consensus has yet been reached. Abortion laws provide specific guidelines about what is legally permissible. In 1973, when the Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton cases were decided, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the constitutional rights of privacy give a woman the right to control her own body to the extent that she can abort her fetus in the early stages of pregnancy (see Rubin, Eva R. Abortion, Politics, and the Courts: Roe v. Wade and Its Aftermath. Greenwood Press. New York, 2001. In 1989, the Supreme Courts decision in Webster v Reproductive Health Services upheld a Missouri law banning the use of public funds or facilities for performing or assisting with abortions. In 1992, President Clinton rescinded the Rust v. Sullivan 1991 decision, dubbed the gag rule, that prevented health care providers from discussing abortion services with clients in nonprofit agencies. The Supreme Court and state legislature continue to struggle with the issue of abortion. IV. Discussion A. Spontaneous Abortion It is estimated that 1 of every 5 to 10 conceptions results in spontaneous abortion. Most of these occur because an abnormality in the fetus makes survival impossible. Other causes may include systematic diseases, hormonal imbalance, or anatomic abnormalities. If a pregnant woman experiences bleeding and cramping, a threatened abortion is diagnosed because an actual abortion is usually imminent. Spontaneous abortion occurs most commonly in the second or third month of gestation. There are various kinds of spontaneous abortion, depending in the nature of the process (threatened, inevitable, incomplete, or complete. In a threatened abortion, the cervix doe not dilate. With bed rest and conservative treatment, the abortion may be prevented. If cannot, an abortion is imminent. If only some of the tissue is passed, the abortion is referred to as incomplete. If the fetus and all related tissues are spontaneously evacuated, the abortion is complete. In some countries, abortion is considered a legitimate means for regulating the size of the family or that of population. In some of these countries, it is not only legalized but is encouraged by subsidizing it with taxpayers money. Ethicists and theologians distinguish between indirect and direct abortion. Indirect or therapeutic abortion is that which is performed for the purpose of saving the life of the mother. This is regard as morally permissible. The case, however, does not only imply that the mothers life is simply preferred over that of the child. The choice is between a life which can be saved and a life which cannot be saved. The moral dilemma is either to let both die or to save the mother. The unencephalic fetus is cited as example. Not only that this defective fetus cannot survive, it cannot fully develop into a conscious human life. Thus, it is justifiable to abort it rather than have it endanger the life of the mother. It does not however belong to therapeutic medicine that aborts a fetus because it is afflicted with some kind of genetic disease, or possesses the risk of it. The fetus, and not the mother, is the patient. Killing the patient is no therapy whatsoever. What could be done, or should have been done, insofar as genetic disease is foreseeable, is to avoid conception. After conception, the only moral remedy is for immediate treatment after the delivery of the child. Direct or Selective Abortion is the expulsion of the fetus by the willful wishes of the parents for purposes other than saving the life of the mother. Thus, abortion is resorted to as a means of limiting the number of children; as a political ploy to control population growth; or, simply, as means of eliminating an unwanted baby for social or economic reasons. Direct abortion is immoral. It is violative of the natural right of the child to live. Pro-life vs. Pro-Choice: The debate on abortion has divided public opinion into two opposing camps: the pro-life and the pro-choice. Pro-life advocates adhere to the principle which calls for the protection and preservation of human life in all its forms. First, life is present from the moment of conception, and secondly, that life will develop into human being, unless it is crushed out of existence. In other words, there is already a human being there in its first stages of development, like a tiny rose-bud that will one day open into a beautiful bloom. Life is there from the first moment. It is not just a piece of tissue, or a growth; it is a living thins, with a distinct life of its own. Anyone who destroys it destroys the human being that is to be. Pro-choice advocates maintain that the mother, being a human being, and not merely a machine of procreation, has the right and the freedom to decide when to continue or terminate pregnancy. The State has no authority to prohibit abortion, since this belongs to the domain of the parents, especially the woman, as a matter of human right. Pro-choice proponents do not deny the value of life. Towards its promotion, they insist that there other situations which may justify abortion other than that of saving the life of the mother. One such situation is the socio-economic capability of parents especially of single parents. Thus, accordingly, the ultimate decision should belong to the woman and/or parents as a matter of personal right. It is denied that pregnancy is an intimate personal matter which concerns the woman or the family. But, likewise, it must be emphasized that abortion would not be a moral issue if couples would also admit to the prior responsibility of conjugal love and sex. Pregnancy is a foreseeable result of the sexual act. Couples, therefore, who are faced with risk of unwanted pregnancy, should have recourse to the moral means for avoiding conception. It contradicts reason to allow persons to be reckless with their sexual activities and give them besides the right to judge whether the offspring deserves to live or to die. In this extreme situation, the parent or parents would be the criminal, the judge, and the executioner; and the child has no fighting chance to survive. This is why pregnancy, after the fact, assumes a social dimension. It cannot be left entirely to the private moral decision of the individuals. It would be tantamount to giving each person the right to commit murder in accordance with their personal wishes. IV. Conclusion Having an abortion is a case to case basis. I cannot blame women who undergone abortion because that is their own prerogative and their right as a woman. I strongly believe that women who aborted their babies have irrefutable reasons; thus, their pregnancy might endanger their lives or the baby itself has its problem or whatever reasons the mother may have, we cannot push, dictate or even blame that individual. I dont say that I am pro or anti but as an individual, I should not be judgmental and learn to understand women who experienced that kind of process. I should look at on the other side of the coin of why mothers aborted their babies. References: Colker, Ruth. Abortion & Dialogue: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, and American Law. Indiana University Press. Bloomington, IN. Publication Year: 2002. Mohr, James C. The Origins and Evolution of National Policy, 1800-1900. Oxford University Press. New York, 1999. Pollitt, Katha. Abortion in American History. Volume: 279. Issue: 5. 2001. Rubin, Eva R. Abortion, Politics, and the Courts: Roe v. Wade and Its Aftermath. Greenwood Press. New York, 2001. Head, Jeanne E. Does Abortion Access Protect Women's Health? Volume: 19. Issue: 6. June 2004.

Point of View Essay Example

Point of View Essay Example Point of View Essay Point of View Essay The talker of the narrative. who speaks as a first-person storyteller. is non named. We may reason that he has had a good trade of experience with little boats. and with the linguistic communication of crewmans. His concentration displacements in the class of the narrative. At first. he seems to be cognizant of all four work forces on the boat. jointly. and he makes observations that permit us to understand the thoughts and responses of the work forces. who are linked in a practical brotherhood because of their holding been stranded on a bantam boat amid the high moving ridges that are endangering their being ( paragraph 9 ) . At approximately paragraph 49. nevertheless. the talker shifts his concentration chiefly to the letter writer. while he describes the other work forces more dramatically. Might we assume that at this point. Crane is unifying the talker of the narrative with his ain voice. every bit about as we can find it? Throughout. the talker introduces some of his ain thoughts. and besides. at times. speaks ironically. This accounts for some of the more humourous looks in the narrative. Therefore. the talker remarks wryly that the work forces. while hotfooting from the droping ship to salvage themselves. had forgotten to eat heartily and therefore were now being weakened with hungriness ( paragraph 49 ) . The talker is in control of the tone of his descriptions. as when he points out that the human back. to a oarsman. is capable to countless and painful cricks and knots ( paragraph 82 ) . The talker is besides observant and philosophical. as when he remarks that the four work forces at sea need to turn their caputs to contemplate the lonely and apathetic shore ( paragraph 206 ) . The story’s concluding sentence. about the fact that the three lasting work forces can be interpreters. is implicative of a good trade of idea and observation that could take beyond the content of the narrative. Though the point of position is third-person limited-omniscient. Crane’s meeting of his ideas with the narrator’s would non be as effectual. non as dramatic. or nonsubjective. for it is this third-person distance that Crane feels would be most suited for his thought that work forces are undistinguished compared to the forces of nature. or nature itself. The point is driven place well with his peculiar point of position: another or different point of position would overcast his message and befog his cardinal subject: a different point of position would be excessively emotional. excessively fraught with survivability. The white Hero is told from a third-person all-knowing point-of-view. one that is cognizant of both Sylvia’s hopes and aspirations. and the adversities that she will meet as she strives to accomplish them. The stability of the tree is noted from the really get downing with Sylvia’s acknowledgment that [ in the ] dark boughs [ of the tree ] †¦ he wind ever. stirred. no affair how hot and still the air might be below†¦ It is from this hush that Sylvia begins her journey with prickling eager blood and apprehensiveness of the point at which she must do the unsafe base on balls from one tree to the other. [ when ] the great endeavor would truly get down. This image of doing the passage from a smalle r tree to a larger more unsafe one is a symbol of Sylvia go forthing the kingdom of her early childhood to get down confronting the challenges of going an grownup. At first. Sylvia felt her manner anxiously. but as she crosses trees and feels the support of the old pine. she becomes his new dependant. The pine is likened to a great chief mast to sailing Earth. a simile which is followed by the author’s personification of the manner in which it h [ olds ] away the winds to protect the solitary gray-eyed child merely as a male parent would make. The narrative gait of the transition varies from being restrained and held back as Sylvia prepares for her escapade. to increasing in velocity somewhat once she changes trees. to eventually making a flood tide once she reaches the top. It is this fast patterned advance from her mounting and feelings of support from the tree to this climactic waking up that aids in pass oning the true extent of Sylvia’s growing. The spark of human spirit that the tree’s ponderous frame helps to raise to the top rapidly easy becomes a pale star. trembling and tired. but entirely exultant. Bierce Tells An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge in three parts. Part I is in nonsubjective third-person point of position except for the last three paragraphs. In nonsubjective third-person narrative. the narrator observes events but can non come in the head of any character and unwrap his or her ideas. In the last three paragraphs of the Part I. the narrative displacements to omniscient ( all-knowing ) third-person point of position in relation to Peyton Farquhar. This displacement enables Bierce to take the reader inside Farquhar’s head to show how emotional turbulence alters non merely the manner the head interprets world but besides the manner it perceives the transition of clip. First. Farquhar mistakes the ticking of his ticker for the tolling of a bell or the ring of an anvil struck by a cock. Then. after Farquhar beads from the span at the minute of executing. he perceives a individual second as permanent hours.

Collage Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collage Reflection - Essay Example I chose this mixture of quotes, wise sayings, songs, poems, and book excerpts to symbolize who I am as a person. My true identity has been shaped by my childhood experiences, and my goals and dreams that I am still living out. Ever since I can remember, my fondest dream and goal in life has been to attend college. Early on I realized how much of a struggle it would be to gain entry into a top university in the United States, but that did not derail my efforts. In the words of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Never, never, never give up† (Never Give Up Quotes). This quote is in my collage because it defines my struggle to keep going and my desire to push through any obstacle that my come my way. My passion is finance. I want to be a successful leader in business so that I can help mentor others and inspire to them succeed as well. I have a passion and drive in me to do this that will not go away. The quote by Li Shing that begins â€Å"The future may be made up of many factors, but where it truly lies is in the hearts and minds of men† certainly epitomizes my belief in this area (Passion Quotes). My dedication is truly not for my own gain, but is based on a love for people and my country. The reason I chose to put this particular quote in red in because it symbolizes passion. Passion is a burning desire to do something. It is a goal and dream that I cannot rest from until it is realized. In addition, this passion was instilled in me from an early age. The quote ‘Will you join the dance?† (Carroll 1992) reflects my childhood.... I chose this mixture of quotes, wise sayings, songs, poems, and book excerpts to symbolize who I am as a person. My true identity has been shaped by my childhood experiences, and my goals and dreams that I am still living out. Ever since I can remember, my fondest dream and goal in life has been to attend college. Early on I realized how much of a struggle it would be to gain entry into a top university in the United States, but that did not derail my efforts. In the words of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Never, never, never give up† (Never Give Up Quotes). This quote is in my collage because it defines my struggle to keep going and my desire to push through any obstacle that my come my way. My passion is finance. I want to be a successful leader in business so that I can help mentor others and inspire to them succeed as well. I have a passion and drive in me to do this that will not go away. The quote by Li Shing that begins â€Å"The future may be made up of many factors, but wh ere it truly lies is in the hearts and minds of men† certainly epitomizes my belief in this area (Passion Quotes). My dedication is truly not for my own gain, but is based on a love for people and my country. The reason I chose to put this particular quote in red in because it symbolizes passion. Passion is a burning desire to do something. It is a goal and dream that I cannot rest from until it is realized. In addition, this passion was instilled in me from an early age. The quote ‘Will you join the dance?† (Carroll 1992) reflects my childhood. From an early age, I have desired to do something more with my life and I did dream about this as the days went by. I want to a positive force for change in whatever I do, so I certainly do intend